Reverse Osmosis

What is Reverse Osmosis?

Reverse osmosis (RO) is an advanced water purification method that removes contaminants by forcing water through a semi-permeable membrane under pressure. It blocks 95% to 99% of dissolved salts and impurities, ensuring clean drinking water. The process uses cross-filtration, where purified water (permeate) flows in one direction while the rejected contaminants (brine) are separated. This design prevents buildup and maintains membrane efficiency. The rejected water can be discarded or recycled to enhance water efficiency.

What Are the Benefits of Reverse Osmosis?

Removes 99% of heavy metals, including lead, arsenic, and asbestos.
More convenient and energy-efficient than distillation.
Available in different capacities to purify various water sources (seawater, rainwater, river water, and well water).
Cost-effective compared to bottled water.
Reduces hard water effects by removing calcium and magnesium, extending appliance lifespan.
Does not require chemical additives, making it an environmentally friendly solution.

What Makes Up an RO System?

Reverse Osmosis Membrane

The reverse osmosis membrane is the heart of the system, responsible for filtering out the tiniest impurities from the water. This semi-permeable barrier allows only water molecules to pass through while rejecting up to 99% of dissolved salts, heavy metals, bacteria, and other harmful contaminants. Most household RO systems use thin-film composite (TFC) membranes made from polyamide, known for their excellent filtration efficiency and durability. Other options include cellulose acetate membranes, which offer better chlorine resistance but shorter lifespans. The membrane ensures that only clean, safe water moves forward to storage and consumption.

Reverse Osmosis Filters

Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Systems rely on a series of filters that support and enhance the performance of the main membrane. These reverse osmosis filters are typically divided into pre-filters and post-filters. A sediment filter, usually made of spun polypropylene, is placed at the beginning to remove large particles like sand, rust, and dirt—this protects the membrane from clogging. Next, a carbon filter uses activated carbon to remove chlorine, pesticides, and other chemicals that could degrade the membrane and affect the water's taste. After the membrane does its job, a final filter, often a charcoal or carbon block, is used to polish the water, eliminating any remaining odours or taste before it reaches your glass.

Reverse Osmosis Faucets

RO systems use dedicated faucets to deliver the purified water safely and conveniently. These are separate from your standard kitchen faucet to avoid cross-contamination. Reverse Osmosis faucets are simple and functional, providing a basic outlet for clean water. Designer faucets offer a stylish upgrade with elegant finishes to match modern kitchen aesthetics. The most advanced option is the air gap faucet, which includes a built-in air gap to prevent backflow of wastewater from the drain into the RO system—a critical safety feature, especially in systems connected to sinks with garbage disposals.

Reverse Osmosis System Accessories

Various accessories ensure the RO system operates smoothly and safely. The inlet valve controls the flow of water entering the system, while the check valve prevents water from flowing backward and damaging the membrane. A flow restrictor is another key component—it regulates the wastewater flow, maintaining the pressure necessary for efficient filtration. The drain line is where rejected contaminants are expelled from the system. These small but essential parts work behind the scenes to manage water flow, maintain system pressure, and protect the membrane from wear and tear.

Reverse Osmosis Storage Tanks

RO systems include a pressurized storage tank to ensure you always have filtered water on demand. These tanks use a dual-bladder design—one chamber holds the purified water while the other contains air. As the water fills the tank, pressure builds in the air chamber, which then pushes the water out through the faucet when opened. This setup prevents the RO system from running constantly, offering convenience and efficiency. Without this tank, water flow from the faucet would be extremely slow, as RO filtration is a gradual process.

Find the Perfect RO System and Parts at Our Canadian Warehouse

Waterite Vectapure RSX II Commercial Reverse Osmosis Systems

The Waterite Vectapure RSX II Commercial Reverse Osmosis Systems, available in 350 and 700 USGPD models, deliver high-efficiency water purification for commercial applications like chemical mixing, bottling, and residential use. It features Black Max® membranes, dual 10" Big Blue pre-filters, a stainless steel membrane housing, and HydroPure rotary vane pumps for durability and energy efficiency. Operating at 150 PSI, it offers permeate production rates of up to 0.47 USGPM and ensures effective waste management.

Vectapure™ RSX II Lite Advanced Reverse Osmosis System

The Vectapure™ RSX II Lite Advanced Reverse Osmosis System delivers high-performance water filtration with an 800 GPD output, ideal for both residential and commercial use. Its energy-efficient design operates at low pressures (40–80 psi) and features dual Black Max 400 GPD membranes, a 10" Big Blue pre-filter, and comprehensive monitoring tools, including inlet and differential pressure gauges, a dual-channel TDS monitor, and flow meters.

Replacement Cartridge Kit for Vectapure NX™ Systems

The Replacement Cartridge Kit for Vectapure NX™ Systems is compatible with both 75 GPD and 400 GPD models, including RO453H, RO4153H, RO405400NX, and RO405400TNX reverse osmosis systems. It contains two Coconut Carbon Block Filter Cartridges (CBC5CT03), one Sediment Filter Cartridge (PP1005NX), and one Inline Carbon Filter Cartridge (AIC10EZ). Note: the membrane (BME1812RE75) is sold separately.

FAQs

1. Why does my RO system produce water slowly?

A slow RO system can result from low water pressure, a clogged membrane, or a faulty flow restrictor. RO systems typically require at least 40-60 psi for optimal performance. If pressure is too low, consider adding a booster pump. Additionally, check the sediment and carbon filters and the membrane for blockages that may reduce water flow.

2. How often should I replace my RO filters and membrane?

The sediment and carbon filters should be replaced every 6-12 months, while the RO membrane typically lasts 2-3 years. However, water quality and usage can affect lifespan. Regular maintenance ensures optimal filtration and prevents clogging or contamination.

3. Why does my RO water taste weird or slightly salty?

A salty or unusual taste in RO water often indicates a failing membrane that is no longer filtering out dissolved solids properly. If TDS levels are high, replacing the membrane should fix the issue. Additionally, check for bacterial buildup in the storage tank or post-filter contamination.

4. Can I use an RO system with well water?

Yes, but pre-filtration is crucial since well water often contains higher levels of sediment, iron, and bacteria. A sediment pre-filter, iron filter, and UV sterilizer can help protect the RO membrane from clogging and damage, ensuring long-lasting performance.

5. Why is my RO storage tank not filling up completely?

A partially filled or empty RO storage tank may be due to low water pressure, a malfunctioning bladder inside the tank, or a clogged RO membrane. Check the air pressure inside the tank (should be 5-7 psi when empty) and replace the tank if the bladder is damaged.